CVE-2024-22262: Addressing Open Redirect and SSRF Vulnerabilities in Applications

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) ID CVE-2024-22262 is a security vulnerability affecting applications that use UriComponentsBuilder to parse an externally provided URL (e.g., through a query parameter). This vulnerability can expose applications to open redirect attacks and Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks if the URL is used after passing validation checks.

This vulnerability is related to the previously identified CVE-2024-22259 and CVE-2024-22243, but it focuses on different input elements. In this post, we will discuss the details of this vulnerability, its exploitation methods, and the recommended mitigation steps.

Link to Original References

1. CVE-2024-22262
2. Open Redirect CWE-601
3. CVE-2024-22259
4. CVE-2024-22243

Vulnerability Details

Applications that use UriComponentsBuilder to parse an externally provided URL and perform validation checks on the host of the parsed URL are vulnerable. The key is to validate the URL provided as input by a user or external source. However, when the URL passes the validation checks, it can be exploited in two ways: open redirect attacks and SSRF attacks.

- Open Redirect: An attacker can use this vulnerability to manipulate URLs and redirect users to malicious websites. The attacker creates a URL that appears to be a legitimate site but redirects to a harmful site when clicked. This can lead to users inadvertently visiting malicious websites, phishing sites, or providing sensitive information to attackers.

- SSRF: This vulnerability can allow an attacker to initiate requests from the vulnerable server to internal or external resources. SSRF attacks typically involve sending crafted requests to servers that the target application can access. The attacker can then gain unauthorized access to sensitive data, internal resources, or execute remote code.

Code Snippet Example

Below is an example demonstrating the improper use of UriComponentsBuilder and its vulnerability to open redirect attacks.

import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponentsBuilder;
...
String userInputURL = "https://evil.com/?redirect=https://example.com";;
UriComponentsBuilder urlBuilder = UriComponentsBuilder.fromHttpUrl(userInputURL);
String host = urlBuilder.build().getHost();
// Perform host validation
if (host.equals(EXPECTED_HOST)) {
    return "redirect:" + urlBuilder.toUriString();
}

In the above code snippet, the UriComponentsBuilder is used to parse a user provided URL. The host of the parsed URL is checked against an EXPECTED_HOST constant. If the host matches, a redirect is performed. However, the redirection will lead to the malicious website.

Recommended Mitigation

To effectively mitigate this vulnerability, developers should ensure proper validation and sanitization of user input. This can be achieved by implementing the following steps:

1. Use a well-tested URL parser to parse the user-provided URLs, and then extract and validate the hosts.

Use a strict allowlist of allowed URLs to ensure only expected URLs are allowed.

3. Avoid constructing URLs with user-provided inputs. Instead, use server-side configuration or internal constant values for redirection targets.

4. Use secure coding practices and regularly perform security audits to identify and fix potential vulnerabilities in your application.

5. Keep your dependencies and libraries up-to-date to ensure known vulnerabilities are addressed and fixed.

In conclusion, CVE-2024-22262 is a critical vulnerability affecting applications using UriComponentsBuilder to parse and validate externally provided URLs. By understanding the risks and implementing the recommended mitigations, developers can protect their applications from open redirect and SSRF attacks.

Timeline

Published on: 04/16/2024 06:15:46 UTC
Last modified on: 06/28/2024 03:55:23 UTC